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The Rise and fall of Mughal Empire(1526-1707)
1. The Origins of Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire started with the conquest of India by Babur the first Mughal emperor. He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi to become the first of his dynasty.
2. The Foundation of Mughal Empire
Previous invaders of the north had come to India only to conquer and plunder the riches of India but Babur was different because he thought of India as his domain as his ancestor Timur had conquered it before.
3. India under Mughal Emperors.
The Indian subcontinent was consolidated under the Mughals. They combined a lot of small states and made them into a large consolidated empire. On the whole the Mughals were lenient with the people that they had conquered and allowed them to practice their religion and culture as long as they were obedient to the rulers.
4. Babur (1526-1530)
Babur was the son of Umar Sheikh Mirza the ruler of a small state of Fergana in Afghanistan. He was invited by the governor of Punjab to come and defeat Ibrahim Lodhi. Babur came and conquered the army but decided to stay and establish and empire in India.
5. Humayun (1530-1556)
Humayun was the first and favorite son of Babur. He was made the emperor after the death of his father. He was not a strong ruler and was ousted by the afghan general Sher Shah Suri. Humayun was only able to regain his throne after the death of Sher shah but he was not able to enjoy this as he died only a year afterwards when he fell from the stairs of his study
6. Akbar (1556-1605)
Akbar was only 13 when Bairam khan proclaimed him emperor. Akbar, although an illiterate himself, was a great fan of knowledge. He portrayed a lot of wisdom for his years and under him the Mughal empire expanded a lot. He married a lot of Hindu princesses to keep the Rajput in control. He also shifted his capital to Fatehpur Sikri. He also came up with a new religion but reverted back to Islam in the end.
7. The Great Jahangir (1605-1627)
Jahangir was the crown prince of Akbar. He came to the throne and ruled after the death of his father. He was a powerful ruler and a strong administrator and his rule is characteriscized as having been extremely efficient. His wife Nur Jehan who had a lot of influence over him helped him.
8. Shah Jehan (1627-1658)
Shahjehan succeeded his father as the next Mughal emperor. He was a strong able ruler who was tolerant of all his subjects. Towards the end of his rule he became a fundamental Muslim and enforced Islamic laws strictly. He is most famous for having built the Taj Mehal as a monument to his dear wife Mumtaz
9. Aurangzeb (1658-1707)]“ The Master Builder”
Aurangzeb was the Mughal ruler who ruled most amount of the India. His kingdom extended from Kashmir to Deccan and from Bengal to Peshawar. His no tolerance policies towards minorities and his expansion weekend the empire and made it on the verge of collapse by the time he died in 1707.
10. The Crisis of Mughal Empire
By the time Aurangzeb died the empire was so large that it was difficult to control all parts of it. The rulers who succeeded him were old and lacked the energy required to run such a large empire.
11. Mughal Commercial System
The Mughals had a tax system that was the backbone of their economy. They had taxes for roads trade and agricultural produces. They also levied taxes on Hindu pilgrims and temples
12. Mughal Art and Architecture
Mughals were great patrons of art and architecture. They constructed a lot of buildings such as the red fort in Delhi, the Lahore fort, the Badshahi mosque and the Taj Mehal.
1. The Origins of Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire started with the conquest of India by Babur the first Mughal emperor. He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi to become the first of his dynasty.
2. The Foundation of Mughal Empire
Previous invaders of the north had come to India only to conquer and plunder the riches of India but Babur was different because he thought of India as his domain as his ancestor Timur had conquered it before.
3. India under Mughal Emperors.
The Indian subcontinent was consolidated under the Mughals. They combined a lot of small states and made them into a large consolidated empire. On the whole the Mughals were lenient with the people that they had conquered and allowed them to practice their religion and culture as long as they were obedient to the rulers.
4. Babur (1526-1530)
Babur was the son of Umar Sheikh Mirza the ruler of a small state of Fergana in Afghanistan. He was invited by the governor of Punjab to come and defeat Ibrahim Lodhi. Babur came and conquered the army but decided to stay and establish and empire in India.
5. Humayun (1530-1556)
Humayun was the first and favorite son of Babur. He was made the emperor after the death of his father. He was not a strong ruler and was ousted by the afghan general Sher Shah Suri. Humayun was only able to regain his throne after the death of Sher shah but he was not able to enjoy this as he died only a year afterwards when he fell from the stairs of his study
6. Akbar (1556-1605)
Akbar was only 13 when Bairam khan proclaimed him emperor. Akbar, although an illiterate himself, was a great fan of knowledge. He portrayed a lot of wisdom for his years and under him the Mughal empire expanded a lot. He married a lot of Hindu princesses to keep the Rajput in control. He also shifted his capital to Fatehpur Sikri. He also came up with a new religion but reverted back to Islam in the end.
7. The Great Jahangir (1605-1627)
Jahangir was the crown prince of Akbar. He came to the throne and ruled after the death of his father. He was a powerful ruler and a strong administrator and his rule is characteriscized as having been extremely efficient. His wife Nur Jehan who had a lot of influence over him helped him.
8. Shah Jehan (1627-1658)
Shahjehan succeeded his father as the next Mughal emperor. He was a strong able ruler who was tolerant of all his subjects. Towards the end of his rule he became a fundamental Muslim and enforced Islamic laws strictly. He is most famous for having built the Taj Mehal as a monument to his dear wife Mumtaz
9. Aurangzeb (1658-1707)]“ The Master Builder”
Aurangzeb was the Mughal ruler who ruled most amount of the India. His kingdom extended from Kashmir to Deccan and from Bengal to Peshawar. His no tolerance policies towards minorities and his expansion weekend the empire and made it on the verge of collapse by the time he died in 1707.
10. The Crisis of Mughal Empire
By the time Aurangzeb died the empire was so large that it was difficult to control all parts of it. The rulers who succeeded him were old and lacked the energy required to run such a large empire.
11. Mughal Commercial System
The Mughals had a tax system that was the backbone of their economy. They had taxes for roads trade and agricultural produces. They also levied taxes on Hindu pilgrims and temples
12. Mughal Art and Architecture
Mughals were great patrons of art and architecture. They constructed a lot of buildings such as the red fort in Delhi, the Lahore fort, the Badshahi mosque and the Taj Mehal.
First Emperor of Mughal Empire
1. Who was the first Mughal Emperor and what was his complete name & meaning?
Babar was the first emperor and the meaning to his name was lion. Full name was zahiruddin Muhummad.
2. When did he attain his first power position and at what age?
At the age of 12
3. The first emperor defeated which king and where?
Ibrahim lodhi at panni pat
4. Register the birth place and some physical qualities of the first emperor.
Uzebkistan . He was very strong and could swim any river.
5. He was a descendent of great military conqueror, what was his name?
Umar sheikh Mirza was his afther and the descendant was Genghis Khan.
6. What were the hobbies of the first Mughal emperor?
Archery ,Swimming ,Hirseback ridding and Music
7. How was Babur different from Ottoman Emperors?
Babar was different because his way of ruling was quite different because he supported some aspects which were quite different from the ottomans. and was more lenient and supported tolerance for freedom.
8. Who were the enemies of Babur the Mughal emperor?
Ibrahim Lodhi ,Hindu Rajput.
9. By the 16th century, the first emperor was determined to conquer which regions?
Summerland ,Kabul and India
10. The first emperor was succeeded by his eldest son, what was his name and how did this son survive form severe childhood illness?
Hamayun was his son survived when her mother decided to give her life for her.
11. What are the monuments built by the first emperor?
Kbuli bag mosque .panipaat mosqe
12. What do we know about major successes and victories of the first emperor in India?
His war at panipaat when he defeated an army which outnumbered with equipment.ranag sanga when he defeated the Afghans.
1. Who was the first Mughal Emperor and what was his complete name & meaning?
Babar was the first emperor and the meaning to his name was lion. Full name was zahiruddin Muhummad.
2. When did he attain his first power position and at what age?
At the age of 12
3. The first emperor defeated which king and where?
Ibrahim lodhi at panni pat
4. Register the birth place and some physical qualities of the first emperor.
Uzebkistan . He was very strong and could swim any river.
5. He was a descendent of great military conqueror, what was his name?
Umar sheikh Mirza was his afther and the descendant was Genghis Khan.
6. What were the hobbies of the first Mughal emperor?
Archery ,Swimming ,Hirseback ridding and Music
7. How was Babur different from Ottoman Emperors?
Babar was different because his way of ruling was quite different because he supported some aspects which were quite different from the ottomans. and was more lenient and supported tolerance for freedom.
8. Who were the enemies of Babur the Mughal emperor?
Ibrahim Lodhi ,Hindu Rajput.
9. By the 16th century, the first emperor was determined to conquer which regions?
Summerland ,Kabul and India
10. The first emperor was succeeded by his eldest son, what was his name and how did this son survive form severe childhood illness?
Hamayun was his son survived when her mother decided to give her life for her.
11. What are the monuments built by the first emperor?
Kbuli bag mosque .panipaat mosqe
12. What do we know about major successes and victories of the first emperor in India?
His war at panipaat when he defeated an army which outnumbered with equipment.ranag sanga when he defeated the Afghans.